初二英语下册的重点语法


    寒假,必然还是要预习下下学期的新课内容的~~小编整理了初二下册的重点语法内容,可以提前看看~抓住寒假学英语,开学快人一步!
    重点语法
    一般将来时态的应用
    do/does 的一般将来时态形式:(shall/will) do
    do/does 的一般将来时态的被动语态:(shall/will) be done
    一般将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式:
    肯定句例句:People will have robots in a few years.
    否定句例句:People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years.
    一般疑问句例句:Will people have robots in a few years?
    特殊疑问句例句:What will people have in a few years?
    重点语法
    过去将来时
    一、过去将来时的结构
    should/would+动词原形
    do/does 的过去将来时态形式:(should/would) do
    do/does的过去将来时态的被动语态:(should/would) be done
    过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式:
    肯定句例句:You should write a letter to him.
    否定句例句:You shouldn't write a letter to him.
    一般疑问句例句:Should I write a letter to him?
    特殊疑问句例句:What should I do?
    重点语法
    过去进行时
    do/does 的过去进行时态形式:(was/were) doing
    do/does 的过去进行时态的被动语态:(was/were) being done
    过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式:
    肯定句例句:I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.
    否定句例句:I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed.
    一般疑问句例句:Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?
    特殊疑问句例句:What were you doing when a UFO landed?
    动词 when 和 while 的选择:when 后加瞬间动词,while 后加延续性动词。
    例句:The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.
    =While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.
    重点语法
    宾语从句
    结构:主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语)
    1、引导名词性从句的连接词
    (1)that:没有含义,在宾语从句中不做成分
    (2)whether/if:表示是否,宾语从句中不做成分。
    I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后,他是否还住在这里。
    (3)连接代词:what, which, who, whom, whose(在宾语从句中做主、宾、表和定语)
    连接副词:where, when, how, why(在宾语从句中做状语)
    2、在做宾语从句的题目时应注意时态
    (1)当主句是现在时态时,宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。
    He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
    (2)当主句是过去时态时,宾语从句必须是一种过去的时态。
    She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。
    (3)当表示客观事实或普遍真理的句子做宾语从句时,任何时候都用一般现在时。
    The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说过地球绕着太阳转。
    重点语法
    if 引导的条件状语从句
    结构:主句 + if + 条件状语从句
    if + 条件状语从句 + [(comma)] + 主句
    注意:
    在 if 引导的条件状语从句中,主句应用将来时态,状语从句用一般现在时态。
    例句:You'll have a great time if you go to the party.
    =If you go to the party, you'll have a great time.
    重点语法
    现在完成进行时态
    do/does 的现在完成进行时态形式:have/has been doing
    do/does 的现在完成进行时态的被动语态:have/has been being done
    现在完成进行时态所应用的场合:
    ①某事从过去发生一直持续到现在都在做
    ②过去发生的动作对现在造成影响
    I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.自从那次他与我谈过心后,我天天都在进步。
    现在完成进行时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式:
    肯定句例句:I have been skating for five hours.
    否定句例句:I haven't been skating for five hours.
    一般疑问句例句:Have you been skating for five hours?
    特殊疑问句例句:How long have you been skating?
    重点语法
    现在完成时
    一、现在完成时的结构
    主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他.(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have.)
    否定式:主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 + 其他.
    疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?
    简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)
    No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)
    二、现在完成时用法、定义详细讲解
    1、表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果,着眼点在现在,主要强调过去发生的事情对现在的影响。
    He has lost his wallet.他的钱包丢了。
    We’ve had too much rain this year.今年雨水太多。
    2、表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在,并可能延续下去的动作。
    He has worked here for over twenty years.他在这里工作已有20多年了。
    3、表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。
    I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京两次。
    重点语法
    反意疑问句
    反意疑问句由肯定陈述句加否定问句构成,或者由否定陈述句加肯定问句构成。
    He's a student, isn't he?
    She's not his mother, is she?
    回答反意疑问句时,要根据事实来回答。若事实是肯定的,则必须用 yes 回答。若事实是否定的,则必须用 no 回答。
    ---You're not ready, are you?你还没有准备好,对吧?
    ---No, I'm not.是的,我没有准备好。
    ---Yes, I am.不,我准备好了。