2020中考英语定语从句高频考点知识复习

    中考是人生道路上第一个转折点，对考生的未来发展有重要的影响作用，可以决定学生高中阶段的学习，从而影响高考。想要考上好高中，就要在中考中取得好成绩，这就需要认真复习。这里给大家分享一些关于2020中考的复习知识点归纳，供大家参考。
    2020中考英语定语从句知识点汇总
    1.定语从句的功用和结构
    在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：
    This is the present that he gave me for my birthday
    2.关系代词和关系副词的功用
    关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。
    1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：
    I don’t like people who talk much but do little.
    The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.
    2. 作宾语：She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.
    The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.
    3. 作定语
    关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：
    What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?
    The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.
    4. 作状语
    I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
    三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
    1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：
    The person who broke the window must pay for it.
    The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
    2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：
    Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?
    Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.
    3. whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：
    The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.
    I know the boy whose father is a professor.
    4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：
    A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
    Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.
    5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：
    I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.
    Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?
    6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：
    I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
    He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.
    7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：
    This is the house where we lived last year.
    The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.
    四. 关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：
    That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room
    which we had lived in for ten years.
    五. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：
    1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况：
    (1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如：
    All that he said is true.
    (2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如：
    He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.
    (3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：
    He was the second (person) that told me the secret.
    (4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。
    This is the best book (that) I have read this year.
    (5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：
    He talked about the people and the things he remembered.
    2. 只能用which，不用that 的情况：
    (1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如：
    The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.
    (2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：
    The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.
    考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。
    2020中考英语定语从句考查重点
    一. 定语从句的概念
    在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
    二. 引导定语从句的关系词
    引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who(宾格whom，所有格whose)等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
    三. 定语从句的分类
    根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
    四. 关系代词的用法
    1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：
    Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.
    玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
    The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.
    我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
    2.which用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：
    The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.
    位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
    The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.
    我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
    3.who， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom。who和whom作宾语时也可省略。例如：
    The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.
    经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
    Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?
    正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)
    注意：
    (1)当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，whom，that， which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：
    This is the house in which we lived last year.
    这是我们去年居住的房子。
    Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
    (2)含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：
    This is the person whom you are looking for.
    这就是你要找的那个人。
    (3)that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：
    The city that she lives in is very far away.
    她居住的城市非常远。
    (4)关系词只能用that的情况：
    a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
    He was the first person that passed the exam.
    他是第一个通过考试的人。
    b. 被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词指物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
    Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?
    你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
    c. 先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
    This is the same bike that I lost.
    这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
    d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：
    I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
    我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
    e. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：
    Who is the girl that is crying?
    正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
    f. 主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which，例如：
    There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
    桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
    (5)关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：
    a. 先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如：
    What’s that which is under the desk?
    在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
    b. 关系代词前有介词时，which，而不用that.例如：
    This is the room in which he lives.
    这是他居住的房间。
    c. 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指事物时，用which， 而不用that，例如：
    Tom came back， which made us happy.
    汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
    五. 关系副词的用法
    1. when指时间，其先行词表示时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语。例如：
    This was the time when he arrived.
    这是他到达的时间。
    2. where指地点，其先行词表示地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语。例如：
    This is place where he works.
    这是他工作的地点。
    3. why 指原因，其先行词是原因，why在定语从句中做原因状语。例如：
    Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
    没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
    2020中考英语定语从句高频考点知识复习