八年级上册英语unit1知识点


    英语应该是长期坚持的结果,每天要保证有最少半个小时的学习时间,不管是读还是写。要长期坚持。这次小编给大家整理了八年级上册英语unit1知识点,供大家阅读参考。
    
    八年级上册英语unit1知识点
    01Unit1单词
    anyone /'eniw?n/ pron.任何人
    anywhere /'eniwe?(r)/ adv.任何地方
    wonderful /'w?nd?fl/ adj.精彩的;绝妙的
    few/ fju:/adj.&pron.不多;很少
    quite a few相当多;不少(后接可数名词)
    most /m??st/ adj.,adv.&pron.最多;大多数
    something /'s?mθ??/ pron.某事;某物
    nothing (=not…anything) /'n?θ??/ pron.没有什么;没有一件东西
    everyone /'evriw?n/ pron.每人;人人;所有人
    of course /?vk?:s/ 当然;自然
    myself /ma?'self/ pron.我自己;我本人
    yourself /j?:'self/ pron.你自己;您自己
    hen /hen/ n.母鸡
    pig /p?g/n.猪
    seem /si:m/ vi.好像;似乎;看来
    bored /b?:d/ adj.厌倦的;烦闷的
    someone /'s?mw?n/ pron.某人
    diary /'da??ri/ n.日记;日记簿(keep a diary)
    activity /?k't?v?ti/ n.活动
    decide /d?'sa?d/ v.决定;选定(decide to do sth.)
    try /tra?/ v.尝试;设法;努力 (try to do sth. /try doing sth.)
    paragliding /'p?r?ɡla?d??/ n.空中滑翔跳伞
    feel like 给……的感觉;感受到
    bird /b?:d/ n.鸟
    bicycle /'ba?s?kl/ n.自行车;脚踏车
    building /'b?ld??/ n.建筑物;房子
    trader /'tre?d?(r)/ n.商人
    wonder /'w?nd?(r)/ v.想知道;琢磨
    difference /'d?fr?ns/ n.差别;差异
    top /t?p/ n.顶部;表面
    wait /we?t/ v.等待;等候(wait for)
    umbrella /?m'brel?/ n.伞;雨伞
    wet /wet/ adj.湿的;雨天的
    because of因为
    below /b?'l??/ prep.&adv.在……下面;到……下面
    enough /?'n?f/ adj.足够的(地)adv.充足的(地);充分的(地)
    hungry /'h??ɡri/ adj.饥饿的
    as /?z/ conj.像……一样;如同
    hill /h?l/ n.小山;山丘
    duck /d?k/ n.鸭
    dislike /d?s'la?k/v.&n.不喜爱(的事物);厌恶(的事物)
    Central Park 中央公园(美国纽约)
    HuangguoshuWarterfall /'w?:t?(r)f?:l/ 黄果树瀑布(贵州)
    HongKong /,h??'k??/,/'ha:?,ka:?/香港(中华人民共和国特别行政区)
    Malaysia /m?'le???/马来西亚;
    Malaysian /m?'le??n/adj.马来西亚的;n.马来西亚人;
    Georgetown /?d??:d?ta?n/乔治市(马来西亚)
    Weld /weld/ Quay /ki:/ 海墘街
    Penang /p??n??/ Hill 槟城山(马来西亚)
    Tian'anmen Square /skwe?/,/skwer/天安门广场
    the Palace /?p?l?s/ Museum 故宫博物院
    Mark /mɑ:(r)k/马克(男名)
    02Unit1知识梳理
    Unit1. Where did you go on vacation?
    【重点短语】
    1. go on vacation 去度假
    2. stay at home 呆在家
    3. go to the mountains 上山/进山
    4. go to the beach 到海边去
    5. visit museums 参观博物馆
    6. go to the summer camp 去夏令营
    7. quite a few 相当多
    8. study for为…… 学习,
    9. go out 出去
    10. most of the time 大部分时间/绝大多数时间
    11. taste good 尝起来味道好
    12. have a good time 玩的开心
    13. of course 当然可以
    14. feel like 感觉像……/想要
    15. go shopping 去购物
    16. in the past 在过去
    17. walk around 绕……走
    18. too many 太多(可数名词前面)
    19. because of 因为
    20. one bowl of 一碗……
    21. find out 查出来/发现
    22. go on 继续
    23. take photos 照相
    24. something important 重要的事情
    25. up and down 上上下下
    26. come up 出来
    【重点句型】
    1. —Where did you go on vacation? 你到哪里去度假了?
    —I went to New York City. 我去了纽约城。
    2. —Did you go out with anyone? 你出去带人吗?
    —No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation.
    不,没有人在这儿。大家度去度假了。
    3. —Did you buy anything special? 你买了什么特别的东西吗?
    —Yes, I bought something for my father. 对,我给父亲买了一些东西。
    4. —How was the food? 食物怎么样?
    —Everything tasted really good.每一样东西真的都好吃。
    5. —Did everyone have a good time?大家玩的开心吗?
    —Oh, yes. Everything was excellent.对,一切都很精彩。
    6. There was nothing much to do in the evening but read.
    晚上除了读书以外无事可做。
    03Unit1词汇精讲
    1. anywhere
    anywhere是副词,意为“在任何地方”,常用在否定句或疑问句中,而在肯定句中,则多用somewhere。例如:
    He can’t find his English book anywhere.
    他到处找不到他的英语书。
    I think he must live somewhere.
    我觉得他肯定住在某个地方。
    2. few
    few 意为“少数的;很少的”,只修饰可数名词,表否定含义。例如:
    I can see few birds in the tree. 我几乎看不到树上有鸟。
    a few 意为“几个;少许” 相当于several,只修饰可数名词复数,表肯定含义。例如:
    He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。
    【拓展】
    (1) little 意为“很少;一点儿”,用于 “量;额;价值”等概念,修饰不可数名词,表否定含义。little还表示“小的”之意。例如:
    There is little milk in the cup. 杯子里没有牛奶了。
    A little boy is coming. 一个小男孩过来了。
    (2) a little 意为“有点儿;少量” 修饰不可数名词,表示肯定含义。例如:
    He has a little money with him. 他随身带了点儿钱。
    a little也可以用作副词,修饰形容词、副词、动词以及介词短语,表示“有点,稍稍”。例如:
    He is a little tired. 他有点累了。
    You should walk a little faster. 你应该走快一点。
    She was only a little over fifty years old.她才五十多一点。
    (3) 相关短语:
    quite a few = not a few 相当多的
    quite a little许多
    only a little = but a little 相当少
    3. most
    (1) most后可直接跟名词(可数或不可数),同时,也可接有形容词修饰的名词。例如:
    Most boys like playing football. 大部分男孩都喜欢踢足球。
    (2) most前有定冠词时,可用来修饰多音节形容词,表示最高级,意为“最”。但是,如果most前有不定冠词a,则表示“非常;很”,相当于very。例如:
    This is the most beautiful flower. 这是最漂亮的花。
    She is a most beautiful girl. 她是个非常漂亮的姑娘。
    (3) most后不能直接跟有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词所修饰的名词,用most of代替most。例如:
    I did most of that difficult work. 那件困难的工作绝大部分都是由我做的。
    Most of the time we eat fish. 绝大部分时间我们都吃鱼肉。
    【拓展】
    (1) almost = very nearly,指在程度上相差很少,almost可与no,none,nothing,never,nobody等表示否定意义的词连用。例如:
    I almost missed the flight.我差一点误了航班。
    Almost no one believed what he said.
    几乎没人相信他的话。
    (2) mostly=mainly 意为“大部分、主要地”。例如:
    The students in our class are mostly from the factory.
    我们班的学生主要来自这家工厂。
    His stories were mostly about his travels in foreign countries.
    他的故事大多是关于他在国外旅游的经历
    4. bored
    bored也是形容词,意为“感到厌烦的”,一般用来说明人的感受。例如:
    I’m bored with the book. 我对这本书厌烦了。
    【拓展】
    (1) boring是形容词,意为“令人厌烦的”,一般用来说明事物的特征。例如:
    The story is boring. 这个故事令人厌烦。
    (2) 英语中,带-ing的形容词,用来形容事物,指某事物的性质、特征,意为“令人……的”“让人……的”,常用事物作主语或作定语修饰物。而带-ed的是用来形容人的,意为“感到……的”“使人……的”,其主语是人,类似的词有:
    exciting 令人兴奋的 excited (人)感到兴奋的
    interesting 令人感兴趣的 interested(人)感兴趣的
    moving 令人感动的 moved(人)感动的
    tiring 令人厌倦的 tired(人)感到疲倦/累/厌烦的
    5. decide
    decide是动词,意为“决定,选定”。常见用法有:
    (1) decide sth.意为“决定某事”。 例如:
    I can’t decide anything at the moment.
    现在我不能做出任何决定。
    (2) decide to do sth. 意为“决定做某事”。例如:
    We decide to go to Paris next month.
    我们决定下个月去巴黎。
    The boy decided to be a sailor. 那男孩决定做海员。
    The doctors decided to operate on him for the tumor.
    医生们决定为他开刀切除肿瘤。
    【拓展】
    decide on…意为“由……决定;决定于……”。后面接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。例如:
    I decided on going to Beijing at last.
    最后我决定去北京了。
    My mother decided on the red dress.
    我妈妈决定买下那件红色的裙子。
    6. enough
    (1) enough作形容词,意为“充足的,充分的,足够的”,可作表语或定语,作定语时,可放在名词的前面或后面。例如:
    The food is enough for the trip. 用于这次旅行的食物足够了。
    I have enough time to watch TV. 我有足够的时间看电视。
    (2) enough还可作副词,意为“足够地”,这时enough需放在所修饰的形容词或副词后面。例如:
    The young man is strong enough to carry the heavy bag.
    那个年轻人足够强壮能搬动重包。
    【拓展】
    (1) enough…to do sth. “有足够的……做某事”。例如:
    I don’t have enough time to eat lunch.
    我没有足够的时间吃午饭。
    (2) …enough to do…可以同too…to…或so…that…结构互相转换。例如:
    He isn’t old enough to go to school.
    = He is too young to go to school.
    = He is so young that he can’t go to school.
    他太小而不能上学。
    7. seem
    seem是系动词,意为“好像,似乎,看来”,后常接形容词。例如:
    He seems very angry. 他好像非常生气。
    【拓展】
    seem的用法归纳:
    (1) seem + 名词 例如:
    He seems a nice man. 他看起来是个好人。
    (2) seem like…意为“好像,似乎……”。 例如:
    It seemed like not a bad idea at that time.
    那时这主意好像不错。
    (3) seem to do sth. 意为“似乎、看来、好像做某事”。例如:
    I seem to have left my book at home.
    我好像把书忘在家里了。
    (4) It seems that…或It seemed that…意为“看起来好像……,似乎……”。例如:
    It seemed that he was very happy.
    他看上去好像很高兴。
    (5) seem to be + 形容词或名词 例如:
    She seems to be happy. 她看起来很高兴。
    8. try
    try to do sth. 意为“设法去做某事,尽量去做某事”,其否定形式为try not to do sth.。例如:
    Try not to be late again. 尽量别再迟到了。
    Try to get here in two hours. 尽量在两小时之内到达。
    【拓展】
    (1) try doing sth. 意为“试着做某事”,强调尝试做某事。例如:
    You should try eating more vegetables.
    你应当试着多吃点蔬菜。
    (2) try one’s best to do sth. 意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”。例如:
    We should try our best to finish the work on time.
    我们应该尽最大努力准时完成这项工作。
    (3) try 构成的短语:
    try sth. on 试穿
    try out sth. 试验、检验
    have a try 试一试
    try for sth. 试图获得某物
    try one’s best 尽某人最大努力
    04Unit1句式精讲
    1. Did you do anything special last month?
    本句是一个一般过去时的一般疑问句,其中的anything special意为“任何特别的事”,special是形容词,修饰anything。形容词修饰不定代词时要后置。例如:
    Can you tell something interesting? 你能讲些有趣的事情吗?
    Is there anybody important here? 这儿有大人物吗?
    Would you like something to eat? 要来些吃的东西吗?
    【拓展】复合不定代词的用法:
    (1) 复合不定代词是由some-,any-,no-,every-加上-one,-body,-thing等所组成的不定代词。复合不定代词包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等十二个。这些复合代词具有名词性质,在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语,但不能用作定语。
    (2)复合不定代词通常被看成是单数第三人称。当它们充当句子的主语时,其后的谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
    Is everyone here today? 今天,大家都到齐了吗?
    Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.
    世上无难事,只怕有心人。
    (3) 由some-和any-所构成的复合不定代词(即something和anything;someone和anyone;somebody和anybody)之间的区别跟some和any的区别一样。
    1) something,someone,somebody通常用于肯定句中,而anything,anyone,anybody一般用于否定句,疑问句或条件状语从句中。例如:
    He found something strange but interesting.
    他发现了一些奇怪但却有趣的事情。
    Do you have anything to say ?你有话要说吗?
    I didn’t meet anybody on the island.
    在岛上,我没遇见任何人。
    2) 在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句,和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句,以及表示反问的问句中,也用something,someone,somebody等复合不定代词。例如:
    Would you like something to eat?要些吃的东西吗?
    Isn’t there something wrong with you? 难道你没问题吗?
    3) 当anything表示“任何事(物),无论何事(物)”,anyone,anybody表示“无论谁,任何人”等意义时,它们也可以用于肯定句中。例如:
    Anything is OK. 什么都行。
    Anybody knows the answer.任何人都知道答案。
    口诀:
    不定代词美名扬,修饰成分后边藏;单数动词作谓语,何时何地都一样。
    2. Yes, I bought something for my father.
    本句中用了buy sth. for sb.的句型。buy sth. for sb.意为“给某人买某物”,也可用buy sb. sth,即buy后跟双宾语,sb. 指人是间接宾语,sth.指物是直接宾语。例如:
    He bought me a present. = He bought a present for me.
    他给我买了一份礼物。
    【拓展】
    英语中带双宾语的动词,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,必须加上to或for。常见的此种用法的动词分两类:
    (1) 动词buy; draw; make等可跟双宾语,当直接宾语前置时,必须在间接宾语前加for,即:
    buy/draw/make sth. for sb. 例如:
    Mother made a pair of trousers for her son.
    母亲为儿子做了一条裤子。
    (2) 动词give; pass; lend; write; show; send; hand和bring接双宾语,当直接宾语前置时,需在间接宾语前加to构成。即:give/ pass/ lend… sth. to sb. 例如:
    I’ll send it to you. 我会把它送给你的。
    【注意】上述能接双宾语的动词,一般情况下两种形式可以互换,即vt. + sb. + sth. = vt. + sth. for(to) sb.。但当直接宾语是代词时,不论间接宾语是何种词性,只能用vt. + sth.(代词) + for(to) sb.
    3. Everything tasted really good!
    本句中的taste在此是系动词,意为“尝起来”,后面接形容词作表语。例如:
    The food tastes good. 食物尝起来很香。
    【拓展】
    (1) look,sound,smell,taste,feel这五个动词都与人的感觉有关,可称之为“感官”动词。
    这五个动词均可作系动词,后面接形容词作表语,说明主语所处的状态。其意思分别为“看/听/闻/尝/摸起来……”。除look之外,其它几个动词的主语往往是物,而不是人。例如:
    The old man looks very happy. 那个老人看起来很幸福。
    These flowers smell very sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。
    The tomatoes feel very soft. 这些西红柿摸起来很软。
    (2) look,sound,smell,taste,feel这些动词后面也可接介词like短语,like后面常用名词。
    Her idea sounds like fun. 她的主意听起来很有趣。
    4. …because there were too many people.
    too many在句中作形容词,意为“许多,大量”,后接可数名词。例如:
    There are too many books in the room. You can choose any one to read.
    房间里有太多的书了,你可以选择任何一本来读。
    例如:
    Don’t eat too much sweet. It’s bad for your teeth.
    不要吃太多的糖,对牙齿不好。
    It’s much too cold outside. You should put on your coat.
    外面太冷了,你应该穿上外套。
    I had too much. I’m full now. 我吃的太多了,现在饱了。
    You ask too many questions. 你问得太多了。
    5. And because of the bad weather, we couldn’t see anything below.
    本句中的because of 是复合介词,其后接名词、代词、动名词、what 从句等。例如:
    He lost his job because of his age.
    由于年龄关系他失去了工作。
    He knew she was crying because of what he had said.
    他知道她哭是因为他说的话。
    【拓展】because和because of的辨析:
    (1) because of和because是同义词,都可以表示原因,但是,because后面接句子,常用来回答why的提问,一般放于主句之后,也可以单独存在;而because of的后面用名词、代词或者动名词短语形式。例如:
    I stayed at home because it rained.
    因为下雨我待在家里。
    Because Lingling was ill, she didn’t come to school.
    玲玲因病没有上学。
    — Why is she absent? 她为什么缺席??
    — Because she is sick. 因为她病了。
    We couldn’t have the sports meeting last Sunday because of the rain.
    我们上个星期天没能召开运动会是因为下雨了。
    英语七种句型
    1.主—动—补结构(SVC)。
    此种结构中的动词皆是连系动词。连系动词带有的主语补语可以是名词词组。形容词词组。介词词组。非限定动词词组或名词性分句等。例如:
    The twin are as like as two pears.
    She is in good health.
    It is getting dark.
    The machine is out of order.
    2.主—动(SV)结构。
    此种结构中的动词一般是不及物动词,在这种句型中,状语并非是结构上不可或缺的成分。例如:
    He lives in Shanghai.
    We get up early every day.
    The train leaves at eight.
    They have been singing for half an hour.
    3.主—动—宾结构(SVO)。
    此种结构中的动词都是及物动词,这类动词后面一般只跟一个宾语,因此也叫做单宾语及物动词(monotransitive verb),该句型一般不需状语成分即可表达完整思想。例如:
    She is reading a novel.
    We have realized the importance of English.
    They are watching the football match.
    He opened the door.
    4.主—动—宾—宾(SVOO)结构。
    此种结构中的动词一般只限于某些双宾语及物动词(ditransitive verb),即能跟有间接宾语和直接宾语的及物动词。例如:
    He taught us English last year.
    I call him a taxi.
    He gave me an English book as a birthday present.
    I bought him a novel.
    5.主—动—宾—补(SVOC)结构。
    此种结构中的动词只限于某些能带复合宾语的及物动词(complex transitive verbs),即只能跟有宾语和宾语补语的及物动词。例如:
    They made him captain of the team.
    I find it impossible to finish the task in time.
    We find the book very interesting.
    We have proved the method very effective.
    6.主—动—状结构(SVA)。
    此种结构中的状语不可缺。例如:
    The radio is near his bed.
    They are in the classroom.
    A number of students are in the library.
    The tape recorder is on the desk.
    7.主—动—宾状结构(SVOA)。
    此种结构中的状语不可缺。例如:
    She put her baby in the cradle.
    They watched TV in the drawing room.
    He placed the pot on the stove.
    They are talking about the film at the meeting.
    如何才能学好英语
    1、多听多练多写,在刚开始学习英语时,可以根据英语学习软件中的跟读的功能,不断的跟读、重复,在练习的过程中找到自己的不足,然后反复练习进行改正,从基础开始把英语知识真正拿到手,不会的发音就用百度翻译,效果很好。
    2、多交流,多表达,(多与人沟通可以提高英语口语表达能力,但是现实中没有人陪你练英语口语,可以上网课解决这个问题,这个很关键)我当初也是报名英语外教一对一学习英语口语的,这种教学模式的好处就在于随时随地都能学习,方便快捷,能自主规划学习时间,外教一对一能够塑造良好的语言环境,有利于口语学习,而且针对性强,可以针对薄弱环境进行针对性辅导,效果看得见,比线下好多了。